ClinicShort Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2834-5010/016
The aetiology and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis.!
- Hilary Denis Solomons *
P.O.Box 64203, Highlands North, 2037. South Africa.
*Corresponding Author: H.D.Solomons, P.O.Box 64203, Highlands North, 2037. South Africa.
Citation: Hilary Denis Solomons., (2024). The aetiology and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis.! International Journal of Clinical Therapeutics. 3(4); DOI: 10.31579/2834-5010/016
Copyright: © 2024, Hilary Denis Solomons. Nguyen., this is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 03 May 2024 | Accepted: 20 June 2024 | Published: 25 July 2024
Keywords: cardiac; lungs; cells; allergy
Abstract
The eosinophil count in helminthic infestations is usually higher than in allergic diatheses. The dorsal horn cell in the spinal cord have pruritic receptors that cause itching and react to histamine and tryptase release from the mast cells .
Introduction
There Appears To Be A Complex Relationship Between Eosinopls, Mast Cells (Tissue basophils) and dorsal horn receptor pruritus cells in the aetiology of anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions . The most important cell is the mast cell as this cell releases histamine and tryptase which causes bronchospasm and ultimately results in anaphylaxis. But most people with allergic diatheses have a high eosinophil count . This usually matches the ig e level. Eosinophils release eosinophil chemotactic factor and eosinophil cationic protein. The eosinophil count in helminthic infestations is usually higher than in allergic diatheses . The dorsal horn cell in the spinal cord have pruritic receptors that cause itching and react to histamine and tryptase release from the mast cells . So there is a complex relationship between eosinophils , mast cells and dorsal horn pruritic receptor cells. Chemotactic factors such as hymenoptera stings ,peanut allergy and other allergens initiate a cascade of events that result ultimately in the demise of the patient unless adrenalin in the form of epiject is given.. Antihistamines and steroids may also be of some help . Severe asthma is a type of anaphylactic reaction and here the bronchospasm must be broken. The same complex relationship between the mast cell, the eosinophil and the dorsal horn pruritic receptor cell applies . There is a complex feedback mechanism that down regulates and controls the intricate events that lead to anaphylaxis and ultimately death ! Post mortem histology on patients who have died of anaphylaxis show marked bronchospasm,pulmonary oedema and severe congestive cardiac failure with high eosinophil counts in the congested lungs .often this is found after ingestion of shellfish ,gluten ,pork etc.. The adrenalin can be given intramuscularly if necessary and theopyllin derivatives may be of some value ..leukotrienes have been implicated as has compliment and properdin !.
