Systematic reviews of the professional quality of a discipline have shown a disjunctive: acceptance or rejection of risks due to the quality and consistency of its interventions in the personal welfare of users of public services. The objective of this study was to establish the odds ratio probabilities in order to anticipate unfavorable scenarios for Social Work intervention. A retrospective documentary study was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to international repositories, considering the period from 2020 to 2023 and with reports of effects of social work intervention on the subjective welfare of users of social services. A structure of proportions of probability was established that tends to be located in the risk acceptance margins, although a prospective study is suggested in order to anticipate scenarios of affectation in the face of shortages, shortages, unhealthiness and scarcity of future working and social conditions the social work professional.

The history of the intervention of Social Work in the area of health has been built from a device that in the case of the Institutions of Higher Education, Social Sciences and Humanities this acquires a connotation of dispositivity in the Foucauldian sense of reproduction of social domination through the power of vigilance and punishment [1]. In this sense, the objective of this work was to discuss the scope and limits of the positivity device for the case of Social Work and its history of intervention in public health institutions [2]. The discussion will allow us to move towards a reconceptualization scenario in which we see an alternative intervention device that not only reproduces health policies, but also questions them in favor of the groups that are being violated [3].

The concept of device to power and technology to account for a network of relationships between actors and institutions focused on the reproduction of social domination, although with emphasis on the sexual dimension in order to establish asymmetries between genders [4]. Consequently, the notion of device is linked to the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs), since the essence of the device is the espionage of the private sphere. As ICTs specialize, they register personalized information that will be disseminated and facilitate the governance of the individual and the groups in which he or she is inserted and wants to belong [5]. Once the State has established an inventory of the private sphere, then it can govern the public sphere in a more persuasive way without having to resort to the oppression of its praetorian, military or police institutions [6]. This subtlety is the hallmark of the State and therefore of its device for reproducing the asymmetries between rulers and the governed.

The sexual device advances until it becomes a device of subjectivity [7]. The distinction is fundamental, because while in the pre-modern stage of humanity, the nascent State ruled with the truth to individuals, in the contemporary era of the State is intended control, vigilance and punishment of the truth, privileging the reproduction of power through conformity and obedience of the law [8]. If the device of power, sexual and subjective, is instrumented in the dissemination of information about a reality determined as truth by the State, then science has become an instrument of the rulers not only to establish differences with respect to the governed but to reproduce those asymmetries through positivity.

The positivity category to explain the pseudoscientific influence of disciplines and their instrumentation in the private sphere [9]. The archeology of knowledge unmasks the disciplines that have usurped the scientific, hypothetical-deductive method to enroll in science and thereby ascribe to its institutionalization [10]. That is, the pseudoscientific positivity, as "statements that concern the similarities and differences between beings, their visible structure, their specific and generic characters, their possible classification, the discontinuities that separate them, and the transitions that link them." warns the essence of the power device, namely: the pseudoscience applied to the reproduction of the social domination of rulers to the governed [11]. It is a stacking of theories, concepts, sentences and indicators that are presented as science, but without an identity with the social, even when this process is carried out with rigor and this is supported by the prestige of an academic community, the positivity is not scientificity, but rather pseudo-scientificity that cannot be according to the needs of a sector of civil society.

However, the power device is not only in pseudoscience to reproduce the asymmetries between the actors [12]. It is also observable in institutions that apply science closer to knowledge, medicine and psychology as examples. In this sense, systematic observation is not only an inheritance of medicine, but also intervention with the purpose of modifying the course of personal micro-history, as well as the implementation of a distinctive institutional seal involves the instrumentation of the power device [13]. If the surveillance and control device subjects those who violate the law, the disciplinary device limits the analysis to the positivity of a scientific tradition that reflects the power of the most advanced sciences on the pseudosciences that imitate them [14]. The consequences of both devices, surveillance and control, on the intervention is not only the reproduction of the domination of rulers to their governed, but also the establishment of a legal and punitive sphere that punishes those who have exceeded the disciplinary limits [15]. In effect, pseudoscientific positivity does not contribute to the dialogue between political and social actors, but it conditions its asymmetries through discourses and enhances the vigilance of the rulers towards the governed in the same way that knowledge is guided by those who are imitated in their scientific procedures.

However, the devices not only operate in education or the private sphere, they also manifest themselves in the market through the establishment of a fair price, but in so far as it is established from the monitoring of inputs, supply and demand, he has lost its dimension of justice, since it does not reflect the time socially necessary for listing, but rather a police monetary control [16]. In the same way in which prices reach a true price through supply and demand, the other elements that are monitored by the State and determined by a discretionary price, will be free and may have a fair value that is the result of utility that a society attributes to him and not that imposed by his government [17]. Therefore, justice will be achieved by the State as soon as it stops monitoring and establishing a quotation which should be generated by supply and demand, through the natural freedom of a market in which the wills are not co-opted by the government.

In short, the power device, through its devices for monitoring and punishing sexuality, education and subjectivity it is built by a positivity that prevents the development of a morality of justice and rather encourages values of control and positivity that enhance the differences between those who govern and those who are governed [18]. From these preliminary notions, the history of Social Work highlights health policies that were determining their periods, but also highlights events that were not controlled by the State and that allowed the reconceptualization of the discipline, as well as its adjustment to the needs of civil society [19]. In a strict sense, the concept of Social Work underlies the Statute of Welfare when, in Germany, Prime Minister Bismark announces the implementation of benefits for workers in the industrial sector. In this way, the so-called social security was part of a social policy that aimed to encourage industrial production and ensure the availability of products according to the needs of the European industrial society with special attention to the nineteenth-century German society [20]. Social services, through social security programs and strategies were adopted in each of the European countries. Its emergence in the England of the 20th century generated socioeconomic studies for the establishment of priorities for the granting of resources among the working class. In this scenario social work was a pioneer in home visits and from this fact Social Work is considered as a discipline, since it stands out from charity and charity to be linked to the health sciences and behavior until then properly developed and recognized by public health institutions.

Very soon Social Work occupied an important place in the hospitals and health centers interested in registering the potential number of affiliates and beneficiaries with the policies of the Welfare State, as well as those organizations interested in promoting health [21]. The emergence of professions such as nursing and health psychology allowed Social Work to interact with very specific worldviews about health and lifestyles related to self-care, but to the extent that the Welfare state was questioned by the liberal currents were moving away from the decision making and precautionary principles of health risks.

In this way, social policies, in their area of public health, were dictated from the managerial and managerial elites of State institutions, avoiding the discoveries and contributions of health professionals regarding the inventory and documentation of civil actors.at risk to your health [22]. Health policies that considered patients, beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries as passive subjects and dependent on specialized care, recognized the importance of homogenizing and specifying preventive campaigns in the most marginalized and violated sectors where the army of industrial reserves is reproduced [23]. The capitalist economic system required in its gestation stage [24]. To the extent that public health campaigns were disseminated among the poorest sectors, they stopped the population explosion, but discouraged precautionary lifestyles and aimed at reducing health risks. It was not until the late 20th century that industries and organizations proposed hygiene standards and occupational health promotion when estimating losses due to accidents and illnesses in workplaces, as well as in those who earned less [25]. These events transformed again the function of Social Work that entered into a process of self-criticism and self-questioning considered as a re-conceptualization. In the case of Mexico is not entirely clear when it took place and in what context, but in line with changes in health policies that stage of being used promoters and stage of targeting development strategies prevention that involved society in its self-care.

However, the deficits of financial resources for the case of unemployment or retirement determined a new policy of institutional evaluation and certification. In this new scenario, Social Work has developed models and devices with the purpose of highlighting its essence in terms of home visits, socioeconomic studies, registers and inventories of lifestyles and risk behaviors of marginalized sectors of civil society [26]. In short, the history of Social Work in relation to social policies, health programs, as well as prevention and promotion strategies, show three phases in which the discipline has become more important to the extent that it has systematized its functions, but above all, it has approached the vulnerable, marginalized and excluded sectors while the other professions are moving away.

However, in the course of its history, the discipline influenced by public policies, had only considered these civil sectors as dependent [27]. Now that the policies encourage the participation of citizens in order to prevent diseases and accidents that reduce their working life or compromise their abilities, Social Work is in the dilemma of reproducing the benefactor model, or adopting devices that allow the study of social sectors and anticipate participation scenarios in different economic, political and social spheres. 

If health policies have been transformed in such a way that considers the individual as a key and factor even preponderant in the new public health system, then what adjustments are models of intervention focused on the passivity of the individual and control of the professionals, disseminated at the stage of the welfare state, but now require [28]. Power devices that reduced health rights and employment of workers to a specialized and conditioned by the resources and institutional capacities attention devices positivity Social Work s Erian instruments rights management, but guided by the prevention based on self-care lifestyles [29]. In this way, the positivity devices in the Social Work intervention guide civil participation, highlight the negotiation and consensus around the labor and occupational rights that health policies recognized from the high costs for care and the low costs aimed at prevention [30]. In the historical nomenclature the devices are legitimized by the positivity of the sciences that imitate the hypothetico-deductive method with rigor and prestige, although without the identity or professional habitus required to dissuade opponents and persuade adherents to the system of social domination or differentiation between rulers and the governed [31]. The positivity or assertive implementation of the devices through speeches and strategies for monitoring and controlling self-care and adherence to treatment or rehabilitation reflects the asymmetries between those who make decisions and those who execute them. Strictly speaking, the positivity is an imitation of knowledge that were built in the institutions of public health [32]. From to discipline of social work the device has been understood in a sense that more integration selectivity and exclusion [33]. Therefore, the intervention has been the guiding axis of the discipline's task. It has even defined the identity of the social worker, since this is not only the heir of charity, charity and altruism, but also the result of social exclusion indicated by suffering and vulnerability [34]. These are contexts in which disenchantment forged the identity of the social worker, making it more sensitive to the needs of sectors excluded from civil society.

The social issue of Social Work lies in the complexity that institutions cannot monitor and control through the reward or sanction of its members; professionals and beneficiaries [35]. It is more about establishing an interdisciplinary dialogue in which complexity can be studied and diagnosed as part of the social question [36]. That is to say that the problems must be approached from a dialogic rather than from positivity [37]. In this way, the positive devices of the Social Work intervention can be substituted with the recognition of the other as interlocutor in the dialogue of knowledge that facilitates the understanding of the complexity of the social question.

The objective of this paper is to carry out a systematic review of the effects of social work intervention in a period from 2020 to 2023, considering the literature published in international repositories regarding the subjective welfare of those intervened. What is the acceptable risk margin inferred from the literature that reports the interntion of social work on the subjective well-being of users of public services and social care? The systematic review of the intervention of social work in the welfare of users of social services published in the literature from 2020 to 2023 will warn of a disregard of the permissible risks for the profession and with respect to the population entitled to public institutions.

The objective of this paper is to establish the relationship between the proposed Foucault devices, the intervention of Social Work and Local Development from a review of 2020 to 2023 relative to the works published in repositories of Latin America, considering the keywords of "development", "Social Work", "device" and "intervention" 

A: Literature with reports of positive effects of the SW intervention on the subjective well-being of those served

B: Literature with reports of negative effects of the SW intervention on the subjective well-being of those served

C: Literature with reports of spurious effects of the SW intervention on the subjective well-being of those served

In this way, the present work is part of the Social Sciences division, Social Work discipline, subdiscipline of local development, but it can also be evaluated from the anthropology of power, sociology of violence or the psychology of conflict. A non-experimental, documentary, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a selection of indexed sources ​​records. The information was processed in a content analysis matrix of the academic discourse, the agenda of topics established around the key words and the framing of the discussion between the categories and the variables of "intervention" and "device". Next, a model was specified for the study of the effect of intervention devices in Local Development. Finally, its scope and limits are discussed with respect to other models specified and reported in the literature. The Delphi technique was used for the analysis of mining opinions of expert judges who qualified synthetic extracts of the prevailing findings, considering: Literature A: reports of positive effects of the intervention of the TS on the subjective well-being of the violated groups; Literature B: Reported findings of negative effects and literature C: spurious effects. The judges qualified with -1 for literature B, 0 for literature C and 1 for literature A. The information was processed in the qualitative data analysis package version 4.0. The nonparametric distribution and contingency data were estimated.

The descriptive values of the informative sample subtracted from the international repositories about the effects of the TS intervention on groups served. The descriptive structure warns the prevalence of a consensus as the Delphi feedback rounds happen. Such learning suggested the relevance of estimating the contingent relationships between the category and the synthetic extracts. The structure of probability relationships shows a prevalence of acceptable risk in the extracts, suggesting the estimation of the trajectories between the extracts and the category. The trajectory structure between the excerpts and the rounds reveals an emerging welfare category that is in the range of risk acceptance. That is to say, the intervention of social work seems to be carried out, according to the consulted literature, in the margins of quality and international standards of professionalism (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. Centrality of multicultural well-being in the literature from 2020 to 2023

Source: Elaborated with data study 

Figure 1 shows the values of the coefficients that explain the distance between the nodes and the edges. In other words, there are distant relationships between the fiscal function of social work with respect to the conciliatory function or the arbitration activity. Figure 2 shows the values 

that explain the configuration of the structure. The entry and exit of the structure shows a learning process from the altruistic function to the supervisory function, considering its indicators of mediation, conciliation and arbitration.

Figure 2. Clustering of multicultural well-being in the literature from 2020 to 2023

Source: Elaborated with data study 

Figure 3 shows the values that explain the supervisory structure of social work. Relationships are appreciated in which a learning process that goes from altruism and benevolence to the supervision of discipline prevails. In 

summary, the coefficients of centrality, grouping, and structuring show that social work has moved from a sociopolitical function to a function that monitors the needs and expectations of people in comparison with their demands and resources.

Figure 3. Networks of multicultural well-being in the literature from 2020 to 2023

Source: Elaborated with data study 

The contribution of the present work to the state of the question lies in the establishment of a retrospective probability proportion structure in terms of acceptable risk margins of social work intervention in the data sample consulted, but the research design limits the findings in the informative search scenario, suggesting the estimation of a prospective systematic review to observe the gradual replacement of intervention programs by others adjusted to the contingencies, threats, challenges and challenges of austerity policies and cutting the budget of the institutions where the social work professional develops[38]. Systematic reviews show that the intervention of social work has been adjusted to institutional policies, consisting in the exploration of marginalized and vulnerable sectors, as well as in the questioning of the welfare model, but in the present work a tolerable margin has been observed. of the risks of intervention that can be reduced if they adjust to the budgetary imponderables and to the uncertainty of the social programs [39]. Therefore, a prospective meta-analysis is recommended to investigate the proportions of probability in those cases where the spurious effects of the intervention increase in the subjective bias of the users or beneficiaries of the social services.

The aim of the present work was to establish the structure of probability proportions that explain the margins of acceptable risk by the intervention of social work in a retrospective systematic review, but the research design limited the results to a scenario and context that suggests the prospective extension of the same to anticipate scenarios of contingencies and shortage of resources.