The relationship between personal and group variables are specified with respect to the availability of water supply and management. The paper contributes to the discussion on the management of water resources and services from social variables such as resilience, solidarity and cooperation. In this sense, the parameters for management from the needs of local consumption are set. Under Human Development, the weighting of the needs and water availability is essential for the establishment of an agenda on water management.

Staying in the town was positively related to caring for the environment, indicated by saving water and reuse. Based on this finding, it was considered that Human Development would be oriented by coffee growing, the main employment activity in the town.

However, droughts and floods discouraged coffee production and marketing, since Xilitla's water culture depended on the rainy season and the regular supply of the public drinking water service (Velazquez et al., 2020). Consequently, as the natural water cycle changed and the shortage of water exacerbated, coffee growers were affected in their uses and customs, entrepreneurship and marketing.

The alternative of rainwater harvesting, filtering, reuse and recycling process has been considered viable in relation to local entrepreneurship (Bustos et al., 2022). In this sense, there are significant differences in the acceptance of technology among young people compared to older adults, but the minimal investment required discourages implementation.

In this way, the management that from Social Work can be generated from the ethnography of local needs, the motivation to participate in the care of the environment and the implementation could show the barriers to the acceptance of technology (Espinoza et al., 2020).

Therefore, a study of the effects of promotion of the technology of capture, dosage, reuse and recycling on local water uses and customs could encourage coffee production and thus reactivate Local Development (Garcia, 2021).

A diagnosis will be established of the acceptance or rejection of the technology for collecting, dosing, reusing and recycling water around the coffee production of small and medium-sized companies in order to manage the subsidies before the corresponding authorities and promote the commercialization of the product in three locations with high availability of water, but low level of social entrepreneurship (Sadoval et al., 2021).

If the promotion of the acceptance of technology is aimed at young coffee growers, then the social entrepreneurship indicated by the demand for subsidies, credits, resources and implementation to micro, small and medium enterprises will be activated (Garcia et al., 2020). Coffee production will increase by encouraging the training of coffee growers and expanding the local market to other neighboring communities, but there will be a difference between Xilitla, Valles and Real de Catorce, since their levels of availability and entrepreneurship are different. As availability decreases, social entrepreneurship increases because natives seek to diversify their paid activities. In this sense, coffee growing goes beyond the reactivation of Local Development, its effects on social entrepreneurship will generate a local metabolism.

Literature Review

The formalization is only one phase of public policies. The management of water resources and services is not only focused on supply, but on education and promotion of public health (Garcia et al., 2020). Learning about the care and conservation of the environment requires management focused on social entrepreneurship. In this phase of the local development process, the motivation of the water saving and reuse skills are essential to guarantee the sustainability of the region. The social work competencies are determined by public management models rather than by community needs. The asymmetries between territorial planning and civil claims would be an object of study from which the social worker would define a research focus. The formalization of the asymmetries between availability of resources and actions in favor of water care guide local decision-making. The promotion of rights implies the administration of resources and needs. In this sense, the differences between territorial planning and the management of needs are settled in interdisciplinary models in which an agenda is established.

The uncertainty affects both governmental and citizen decision-making. In this sense, it is necessary to deepen those scenarios of scarcity and shortages that are predicted after climate change intensified the droughts (Hernandez et al., 2020). The sustainability management starts from initial education. From the volitional development, sustainability would be introduced into the habits of consumption, but it would be consolidated in the stages of cognitive formation. A formative process would be insufficient since environmental contingencies imply decisions of utility and risk. The asymmetries between government administration and civil self-management. Such differences are settled, in the first instance, in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and eventually in traditional media.

The objectives are:

Establish the formalization of dependency relationships between the promotion of water technology and local lifestyles (capture, dosage, reuse and recycling) with respect to droughts and floods.

Diagnosis of lifestyles with respect to water technology.

Intervention model for the management of public subsidies with respect to the contracting of water technology.

Evaluation of customer satisfaction with respect to water technology, as well as coffee productivity in an observation period of one month.

Didactic material for the subject of Regional Development of the ENTS-UNAM.

Are there significant differences between the knowledge management networks in the literature from 2020 to 2024 with respect to the observations of this work?

The premises that guide this work suggest that the pandemic impacted knowledge management through anti-COVID policies. Management strategies in the traditional classroom were transferred to the virtual classroom. In this way, the translation of knowledge, skills and competencies was established as the health crisis intensified (Garcia et al., 2022). Therefore, process innovation stood out as the central axis of the research agenda, even when peripheral frames of topics around knowledge management were generated.

Method

A documentary, cross-sectional, correlational and retrospective study was carried out with a sample of sources indexed to international repositories, considering the search by keywords: "management" and "knowledge" in the period from 2020 to 2023.  A study will be carried out on the effects of the promotion of water technology on lifestyles (capture, dosage, reuse and recycling), as well as its levels of demand, subsidy and implementation with respect to the productivity of organic coffee.

A systematic record of the literature related to knowledge management was used, considering the dimensions of production and transfer of knowledge, as well as the subdimensions of translation and dissemination of knowledge in the period from 2020 to 2024 (Garcia, 2021).  An inventory of the micro, small and medium-sized companies dedicated to coffee production and marketing will be carried out in each of the three locations. An ethnography will be made of the availability of water resources in each of the three localities, as well as the level of drought and flooding with respect to the loss of productivity and the lifestyles linked to the collection, storage, reuse and recycling of water.

Through focus groups (8 owners, 8 officials and 8 workers), the levels of social entrepreneurship related to the demand for subsidies, microcredit, tax incentives and strategic alliances of local companies dedicated to the cultivation of coffee and local sales will be described, as well as self-management of resources and social responsibility. The expert judges were contacted through institutional mail, informing them about the objectives of the study and those responsible for the project. The guidelines for human studies recommended by the American Psychological Association in its data protection heading and guarantee of confidentiality and anonymity in writing were followed. In three rounds, the judges qualified, compared and reconsidered or ratified their relationship criteria between the dimensions and subdimensions, assigning a value of 1 to the positive ones and 0 to the negative ones (Bund et al., 2022). Didactic material will be prepared for the diagnosis, intervention and evaluation carried out by Social Work to encourage social entrepreneurship and the culture of water in relation to coffee productivity and local marketing.

The scope and limits of water technology and the potential risks to public health of droughts and floods with respect to coffee cultivation will be promoted through water saving entrepreneurship and culture workshops (Aguayo et al., 2022). The effects of the entrepreneurship and culture workshops on saving water through the intensive use of technologies for collecting, storing, dosing, reusing and recycling water will be evaluated through customer satisfaction surveys and productivity register inventories. The statistical parameters that will be used to demonstrate differences will be the student’s “t” test, the ch-squared test and Fisher's F test. Regarding the establishment of dependency relationships, Pearson's r and “beta” correlation statistics will be used. 

The coefficients that explain the dynamics of neural networks were estimated (Garcia, 2021). The parameters of centrality, grouping and structure in order to test the hypothesis of significant differences. The values of the statistics that were close to the unit were considered as evidence of non-rejection of the null hypothesis.

Results

The values that explain the centrality of the relationships between the studies reported in the literature related to knowledge from 2020 to 2024. The work of Sanchez stands out, which concentrates the relationships with the other studies through citations.

The values that explain the agglomeration of the studies with respect to the central node. The works are appreciated, who concentrate the intermediation with the other investigations.

The values that explain the structure of relations between the nodes related to knowledge from 2019 to 2024. It is noted that the process begins with Olguin's work related to the production of knowledge and culminates with Sanchez and his study alluding to management. In other words, learning is traced from the production to the management of knowledge.

Social work for human, local and sustainable development implies the formalization of variables that, due to their dependency relationship, establish the management and administration scenarios of water resources and metropolitan services. In this sense, the contribution of this work to Social Work for Sustainability lies in the formalization of the relationships between the variables (Hernandez et al., 2021). In this way, the effects of climate change on local health imply formalization competencies for social work that would be complemented with the management of local needs. However, the management of social work can start from formalization, but would necessarily culminate with the promotion of rights to public health, water supply and the prevention of water crises or conflicts over supply. Finally, the formalization of water supply management is also determined by the perceived risks. Both factors, cognitive volitional training and risk and utility decisions, would be incorporated into the mathematical formalization in order to predict scenarios of ecological crisis and conflicts over water supply (Garcia, 2021).

Discussion

The contribution of this work to the state of the art lies in the establishment of an exploratory factorial model of knowledge expectations in the COVID-19 era. Three dimensions related to the management, production and transfer of knowledge in an exceptional situation were demonstrated. The implications of the study for the policies of formation of the human capital indicate that the pandemic led to the convergence of strategies. In this sense, risk communication is recommended to reorient the discussion towards the corporate governance of knowledge in the face of COVID-19.

Studies of knowledge management warn that the formation of human capital begins with the need for information. The structure found in the present study indicates that knowledge management can be compatible with the need for information. In this way, academic training policies can converge with professional and labor training in the COVID-19 era. In other words, distance academic training is compatible with distance professional and employment training as part of teleworking.

Research on the impact of risk communication points to a central or argumentative pathway that prevents exposure behaviors, as well as an emotion-focused peripheral pathway that promotes exposure behaviors. The present study suggests that knowledge transfer is synchronous with the central route, but complementary to the peripheral route. In this way, risk communication from knowledge management and transfer involves traditional and virtual academic training. Both types of training are combined with central and peripheral incidence in a scenario of exposure to risks of contagion, illness and death from COVID-19.

Conclusion

The present work argues that the formalization of the variables involved in the water management and consumption process is essential for the promotion of health and sthe right to water. However, some findings and proposals from other disciplines require a comprehensive review of water resources and needs, demands and consumption at the local level.